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- Contents
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Streszczenie 9
Summary 11
Nomenclature 13
Preface 23
1. Introduction 27
1.1. Magnetic properties 27
1.2. Static magnetic field 29
1.3. Background of the present investigations 30
1.3.1. Natural convection 30
1.3.2. Natural convection in a cubical enclosure 31
1.3.3. Natural convection in a thermosyphon 32
1.3.4. Pattern formation 33
1.3.5. Magneto-science 33
1.4. Aims and scope 35
2. Mathematical formulation of the problem 36
2.1. Magnetic work 36
2.2. Thermodynamic relations in a magnetic field 37
2.3. Conservation equations in a magnetic field 41
2.3.1. Mass conservation 41
2.3.2. Momentum conservation 41
2.3.2.1. Forces 45
2.3.3. Energy conservation 50
3. Experimental analysis 56
3.1. Cubical enclosure 56
3.1.1. Experimental apparatus 56
3.1.2. Properties of the working fluid 57
3.1.3. Configurations of the system 59
3.1.4. Experimental procedure 62
3.1.5. Heat transfer rate 63
3.1.6. Visualization 64
3.1.7. Experimental results 65
3.1.7.1. Case s.v.a 65
3.1.7.2. Case s.v.b 70
3.1.7.3. Case s.h.c 71
3.1.7.4. Case s.h.h 79
3.1.7.5. Case a.v.a 83
3.1.7.6. Case a.h.s 84
3.1.7.7. Case b.v.a 92
3.1.7.8. Case b.h.s 96
3.2. Thermosyphon-like enclosure 101
3.2.1. Experimental apparatus 101
3.2.2. Properties of the working fluid 103
3.2.3. Configurations of the system 105
3.2.4. Experimental procedure 105
3.2.5. Heat transfer rate 110
3.2.5.1. Thermal conductivity of jelly 111
3.2.5.2. Estimation of the heat transfer rate 111
3.2.6. Visualization 113
3.2.7. Experimental results 114
3.2.7.1. Unstable configuration 114
3.2.7.2. Horizontal configuration 123
3.2.7.3. Stable configuration 127
4. Numerical analysis 134
4.1. Cubical enclosure 137
4.1.1. Case s.v.a 138
4.1.1.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 138
4.1.1.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 139
4.1.2. Case s.v.b 141
4.1.2.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 141
4.1.2.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 146
4.1.3. Case s.h.c 152
4.1.3.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 152
4.1.3.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 153
4.1.4. Case s.h.h 160
4.1.4.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 160
4.1.4.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 161
4.1.5. Case a.v.a 168
4.1.5.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 168
4.1.5.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 169
4.1.6. Case b.v.a 176
4.1.6.1. Heat transfer rate in 5 [T] superconducting magnet 176
4.1.6.2. Flow analysis in 10 [T] superconducting magnet 177
4.2. Thermosyphon-like enclosure 183
4.2.1. Modeled system 183
4.2.2. Unstable configuration 184
4.2.3. Horizontal configuration 193
4.2.4. Stable configuration 202
5. Scaling analysis 211
6. Conclusions 221
Appendix 1 223
Appendix 2 225
Appendix 3 227
References 231